Plasma oleuropein peak concentration was higher after liquid extract intake compared to capsule extract. All conjugated hydroxytyrosol metabolites were found in urine within 8 h after oleuropein. Conjugated metabolites of hydroxytyrosol were found as primary metabolites in plasma and urine after extract intake. ![]() In a study, 9 volunteers, including 5 men, were given oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol olive leaf extracts in capsule or liquid form in order to examine their bioavailability amount and mechanisms. Studies on the bioavailability of olive leaf extracts show that bioavailability changes individually and depends on gender and dose. However, it has been reported recently that olive leaf extracts increase in plasma oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Knowledge on the absorption and disposition of olive oil or olive leaf phenolic components were quite limited. More randomized controlled human clinical trials with extensive toxicity studies are needed to evaluate potential health effects and safety. Moreover, mostly the extract forms of olive leaves are used in the studies. Key messages: Although current results obtained until today seem promising, the studies in this subject are usually on cell culture and animal trials. Besides, toxicity studies suggest that olive leaf is generally safe even at high doses. A number of studies report that olive leaf has potentially positive effects on the parameters related to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases by various mechanisms. Furthermore, it is shown that oleuropein and its hydrolyzed products have many beneficial effects on human health because of its antioxidant characters. Oleuropein, the basic phenolic compound of olive leaf and its extract, is responsible for the characteristic bitter taste and unique aroma of olive fruits. ![]() folium) polyphenols and a number of health problems. Summary: The literature has recently been attempting to define the relationship between olive leaf ( Olea europaea L. They contain several potentially bioactive compounds that may have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Background: Olive tree ( Olea europaea, Oleaceae) leaves have been widely used in traditional herbal medicine to prevent and treat various diseases especially in Mediterranean countries.
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